On the southwestern slopes of Jirisan, the highest mountains on Korea's mainland, lies Hwaeomsa Temple, a cornerstone of Korean Buddhism. Hwaeomsa was founded in 544 by Indian monk known as Yeongi in Korean. The names comes from Avatamsaka Sutra (The Flower Garland Sutra), called Haweomgyeong in Korean, which is one of the most influential scriptures in East Asian Buddhism. Hwaeomsa is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism, and is home to multiple national treasures. Visitors can participate in temple stay programs, which offer a chance to experience monastic life, including meditation, chanting, and communal meals.
Hwaeomsa During the Imjin War
Like many Korean temples, Hwaeomsa was heavily damaged during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598), known as the Imjin War. Japanese forces targeted Buddhist sites for their cultural and religious importance. Most of Hwaeomsa’s structures were destroyed, but the temple was meticulously rebuilt starting in the late 16th century and continuing into the Joseon Dynasty. The reconstructed temple is smaller than its original scale, which historical records suggest included dozens of buildings and hundreds of monks.
Hwaeomsa Highlights
One of Hwaeomsa’s most iconic features is the Gakhwangjeon Hall, the main hall dedicated to the Buddha Vairocana, the central figure of Hwaeom Buddhism. This grand wooden structure, rebuilt in the early 18th century, is adorned with intricate paintings and houses a large statue of Vairocana, symbolizing the universal truth of the Buddha’s teachings. The hall is a focal point for rituals and meditation, offering visitors a serene space to reflect.
Another architectural gem is the Three-Story Stone Pagoda, located in front of Gakhwangjeon Hall. Dating back to the Unified Silla period (8th century), this pagoda is a masterpiece of Korean Buddhist architecture, with its simple yet elegant design reflecting the harmony and balance central to Hwaeom philosophy. The pagoda is designated as a National Treasure of South Korea.
A standout treasure is the Four Lion Three-Story Stone Pagoda, also a National Treasure of South Korea. Located near Gakhwangjeon Hall, this unique pagoda from the Unified Silla period (8th century) features four carved lions at its base, symbolizing protection and strength. The pagoda’s intricate design and symbolic significance make it a remarkable example of Korean Buddhist art and architecture.
If you go hiking in Jirisan, or find yourself in South Jeolla Province for another reason, Hwaeomsa is a must-visit destination!
